مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد پروتکل بهره وری از انرژی هیبریدی در شبکه حسگر بی سیم – اسپرینگر ۲۰۱۸

Due to the limited energy of the sensor nodes, the unreasonable clustering routing algorithm will cause node premature death and low utilization of energy efficiency in wireless sensor network (WSN). In Adaptive Thresholdsensitive Energy Efficient Network (APTEEN), the assignments of the cluster head (CH) are much heavier than other nodes. The CH unbalanced energy dissipation between nodes that make them die prematurely. Ant colony algorithm can avoid this problem, so this paper presents a double cluster heads Adaptive Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Network based on ant colony (ADCAPTEEN). ADCAPTEEN optimizes the cluster head election method compared with APTEEN. It suggests that one master cluster head (MCH) and one vice cluster head (VCH) will be selected in each cluster. The double cluster heads (DCH) can co-work on data collection, fusion, transition, etc. To make routes more stable and energy efficient, this paper proposes a Multiple Adaptive Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Network based on Ant-colony (AMAPTEEN). It is the optimization of ADCAPTEEN. And CH selects intermediate node (IM_node) multiple times with ant colony algorithm per round in each cluster, and this way forms multiple route transmission data. Simulation in OPNET proves that compared with APTEEN, ADCAPTEEN reduces energy dissipation, improves node survival rate, and extends network life cycle. AMAPTEEN delays the time of node death, balances energy consumption, and extends network lifetime further operating in the same settings compared with ADCAPTEEN. The proposed two algorithms have good scalability, and they are suitable for large-scale network.

Introduction

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consisting of a large number of sensor nodes are deployed randomly in monitor areas. The applications of the WSN have grown rapidly over the recent years. The performance and the quality of WSN are closely related to the type of routing protocol. Clustering routing protocol commonly used as clustering protocol can effectively facilitates saving energy [1]. Basing on the mode of functioning, WSNs can be classified into proactive, reactive, and hybrid networks [2]. Under proactive network application mode, sensor nodes continuously monitor the surrounding environment and send periodically the monitored data to the user at a constant cycle rate. The reactive network, however, only transmits data when the observed variable changes, and the change reaches the conditions that need to be sent. The Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) [3] protocol, one of the early cluster algorithms, belongs to proactive network, but is not suitable for reactive network. The energy-efficient LEACH (EE-LEACH) protocol for data gathering is introduced [4]. It reduces endto-end delay and energy consumption. But nodes which are selected to forward the data to sink node only consider the nodes’ residual energy. The improved LEACH selects energy-efficient CH which considers the energy and distance [5]. The sum of alive nodes is quite improved. The novel energy-efficient clustering mechanism, based on artificial bee colony algorithm, is presented to prolong the network lifetime [6]. Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Network (TEEN) belongs to the reactive mode [7]. The proposed Adaptive Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Network (APTEEN) [8] is classified as a hybrid network and preserves the advantages of both proactive network and reactive network. APTEEN protocol can collect data in a circular way and respond to emergencies. Unfortunately, APTEEN exposes its defects—direct communication between CH and sink node, which results in high energy consumption and low efficiency. A proposed Hierarchal Multipath Adaptive Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Network Protocol (HMAPTEEN) [9] uses selected nodes in each level for routing to the next level.