مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد جانشینی جامعه میکروبی طی ورمی كمپوستينگ – الزویر 2018

The herbal pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries are an essential part of the healthcare system in Asian countries. However, herbal treatments are regarded as a complementary or alternative medical system in most Western countries (Zhou et al., 2016). In recent years, the growing concern over the side effects of synthetic pharmaceutical and personal care products has resulted in a greater demand for herbal products in the market. As a result, a large amount of medicinal herbal residues (MHR) are produced annually. For instance, in China, the amount of MHR is approximately 30 million tons per year (Meng et al., 2017). In India, approximately 400,000 to 500,000 MT of raw herb materials are consumed annually for herbal product manufacturing (Singh and Suthar, 2012a). Large amounts of MHR are disposed of through stacking in the open, sanitary burial or burning, which cause serious environmental pollution (Meng et al., 2017). Safe management of this waste has become a societal challenge. Vermicomposting, the process in which worms convert organic wastes into a more stable product – vermicompost, is a process of bio-oxidation and stabilization of organic matter, which involves complex interactions between earthworms and microorganisms (Raphael and Velmourougane, 2011). This method is widely used to stabilize a variety of organic wastes. Vermicompost can be used as a nutrient source and as a soil conditioner in agricultural applications (Lavelle et al., 2006). Many types of lignocellulosic wastes, such as bagasse (Bhat et al., 2015), disposable paper cups (Karthika et al., 2015) and urban forest leaf litter waste (Suthar and Gairola, 2014), have been successfully converted into vermicompost using the vermicomposting process. It has been reported that MHR were also successfully stabilized by vermicomposting (Singh and Suthar, 2012a; Singh and Suthar, 2012b; Kumari et al., 2011). Eisenia fetida is regarded as one of the most suitable earthworm species for developing a vermicomposting system in temperate regions because of its tolerance to a broad range of environmental conditions, i.e., pH, moisture content, and temperature (FernándezGómez et al., 2010).