مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد فناوری های فتوولتائیک: نقشه برداری از آنالیزهای پتنت – الزویر 2018

The use of traditional fossil fuels to generate electric energy causes serious environmental problems, such as climate change, global warming, air pollution, and acid rain, among others. On the other hand, the consummation of electric energy on the planet increases using due to modern society’s increasingly use of equipment and products that run on electricity. In this perspective the development of renewable energy technologies is necessary to obtain competitive prices to compete with traditional sources of energy that generate environmental pollution [1–6]. To address these problems, some nations have taken challenging measures. The United States, for example, announced its “Advanced Energy Initiative” in 2006 and outlined a daring goal to reduce imports of Middle Eastern oil by 75% by the year 2025 through the development of new and renewable energy sources. The South Korean Government, in turn, has established “The 2nd National Plan for Energy Technology Development” to improve its global competitiveness in energy technology. This plan aims to develop new and renewable energy technologies and improve energy efficiency by doubling energyrelated research and development investments in the country by 2020. In addition, Japan and China have also established national energy Development of new and renewable energy technologies to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and to foster a strategic green growth industry [7]. Photovoltaic technology has developed rapidly over the last thirty years. The main activities of photovoltaic patents began in the late 1950s and the main photovoltaic patent assignees at that time were involved in the space business [8,9]. Patent data has been widely used in technology assessment and forecasting [10–13]. The patent is a right granted to the researcher and is an outlet for scientific and technological development, revealing what organizations consider worth protecting. A collection of patents in a particular discipline may represent part of the accumulated knowledge in science and technology within that discipline. The growth of the number of patents of a given technology provides a good indication of its state of development [8]. However, care must be taken in using the quantity of patents to draw conclusions, since this quantity may have no relation to the quality and strength of the patent [14]. For alternative technologies, such as photovoltaics, research and development analysis is important for the observation and understanding of technologies in the market.