مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد آلودگی محیط زیست از فاضلاب کارخانه ها و روش های تصفیه برای مبارزه با تهدیدات محیطی (الزویر)

Distillery industries (DIs) are the key contributors to the world’s economy, but these industries also considered as one of the major source of environmental pollution worldwide. In India, there are ~ 319 distilleries with annual production of 3.25 × 109 L of alcohol and 40.4 × 1010 L of wastewater (Chandra et al., 2012; Uppal, 2004). The global production of bioethanol in 2007 was 50 billion liters whereas, in 2008, it reached 60 billion liters representing almost 4% of the 62 world’s gasoline consumption (Mussatto et al., 2010; Balat and Balat, 2009). DIs generate a huge volume of dark colored wastewater characterized by its dark brown color, acidic pH (5.4-4.5), high BOD (40,000- 50,000 mg/L), COD (80,000-100,000 mg/L), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), total suspended solid (TSS), with high nitrogen, potassium, phosphates, calcium, and sulfate content (Table 1). The high BOD and COD values of DWW are mainly due to the presence of high organic content such as proteins, reduced sugars, polysaccharides, lignin, melanoidins, and waxes along with a complex mixture of recalcitrant organic pollutants (Chowdhary et al., 2017). In distillery wastewater (DWW), melanoidins are the major coloring pollutants causing serious environmental problems and health threats in human and animals (Tamanna and Mahmood, 2015; Saranraj and Dtella, 2014). Melanoidins are recalcitrant compounds of sugar and amino acids, formed during the processing of sugar cane juice in sugar factories and molasses in distillery industries (Arimi et al., 2015; Saranraj and Dtella, 2014; Onyango et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2011; Agarwal et al., 2010; Mohana et al., 2009; Plavsic et al., 2006).