مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد کیفیت آنالیز معیارهای چندگانه زندگی شهری (الزویر)

An entire array of organizations (IIED and WBCSD, 2002; United Nations, 2015; WCED, 1987), scholars and practitioners (Amini & Bienstock, 2014; Ben-Eli, 2012; Caradonna, 2014; Chasin, 2012; Christen & Schmidt, 2012; Elkington, 1998; Espinoza & Porter, 2011; Gerlagh, 2017; Koroneos & Rokos, 2012; Lozano, 2008; Pappas, 2012; Schilling, 2012; Zavodna, 2013) have offered concepts and definitions of sustainability. These are briefly deliberated next. The Brundtland Report (WCED, 1987) has suggested a concept of sustainable development and a straightforward definition, which have been widely cited around the world since that time. The Brundtland Report (WCED, 1987) states that sustainable development is, “… development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Later the International Institute for Environment and Development and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (IIED and WBCSD, 2002) repeated this same concept of sustainable development and explained it even more stating, “One of the greatest challenges facing the world today is integrating economic activity with environmental integrity, social concerns and effective governance systems. The goal of that integration can be seen as ‘sustainable development’ and should be to maximize the contribution to the well-being of the current generation in a way that ensures an equitable distribution of its costs and benefits, without reducing the potential for future generations to meet their own needs.” Such worldwide political debates have continued until now (e.g., United Nations, 2015) by specifying sustainability concepts and definitions more and more accurately. In the opinion of Ahi and Searcy (2013), the term “sustainability” has been understood in diverse ways, fluctuating from an inter-generational philosophical point to a multi-dimensional term for business management.