مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد شهر هوشمند با شخصیت های چینی در مقابل زمینه کلان داده – الزویر 2018

Urbanization is the only access to modernization, and has become a general trend of social and economic development around the world. Over the past 60 years, the global urbanization rate has risen 21%, more than 50% of the world population lives in urban area today. Meanwhile, the ratio is predicted to be close to 60% by 2030 (United Nations, 2015). China has witnessed a rapid urbanization since the reform and opening up policy (Shen et al., 2012; Wu et al., 2012; Wu et al., 2016). As shown in Fig. 1, by 2015, Chinese urbanized population has reached 0.77 billion, accounting for 56.1% of the total population of China (National Bureau of Statistics of PRC, 2015). The number of urbanized population is almost 4.47 times as much as that in 1978. Due to the mutual promotion between urbanization and economic development, urbanization has become one of the powerful engines and important driving forces for the healthy and sustainable development of Chinese economy. Similar with what western countries has experienced, China has been challenged by various urban problems during the rapid urbanization. These problems may include irrational transformation of rural land to urban land, large number of land-lost farmers as a underprivileged group, rural-urban conflicts, environmental pollution, traffic jam and frequent public safety incidents (e.g. Yu et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2015; Peng, 2015; Peng et al., 2015; Bao and Peng, 2016). Meanwhile, urbanization results in a considerable economic disparity between urban and rural areas in developing countries, which has had a consequent significant impact on CO2 emissions (Wu et al., 2016; Wu, 2016; Hong et al., 2016). In other words, a higher urbanization rate, energy carbon emission coeffi- cient and energy intensity will lead to increased carbon emissions. Therefore, innovation and improvement on cleaner production are of much importance when facing the increasingly intensified environmental problems in urban areas. Smart city is proposed as a new way that can efficiently integrate various resources based on the collection, store and analyze of big data, by which the optimization of resources distribution can be realized, and the CO2 emissions can be efficiently reduced. More examples and cases can be found in Section 3. Besides, the difficulty of obtaining and processing large amount of information and transferring such information to better decision-making on urban development and management has also worsen these problems.