مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد تاریخچه جراحی مغز و اعصاب در جزایر هاوایی – الزویر 2018

The field of neurosurgery has a rich and fascinating history. The development of the specialty in Hawaii has been particularly unique, given the state’s remote location, indigenous population, and military presence. The life of Dr. Cloward, Hawaii’s most noted neurosurgeon, has received some attention in the literature. However, a comprehensive review of this history, including the pre-Cloward and post-Cloward era, is lacking. Thus, this article will review and chronicle the development of neurosurgery in Hawaii with special attention to three topics: the traveling neurosurgeons of the early 20th century, such as Dr. Frederick Reichert; Hawaii’s first full time neurosurgeon, Dr. Cloward; and finally, the current state of neurosurgery in Hawaii.

Introduction

Since its formal inception in the early 20th century the field of neurological surgery has experienced rapid growth. This development has been traced on a variety of scales, including individual hospitals, universities, and states.1-7 The history of neurosurgery in the Hawaiian Islands is particularly unique, given the state’s remote location, indigenous population, and military presence. Documentation of this history has been limited. There was a brief personal reflection published by the noted Dr. Cloward, Hawaii’s first full time neurosurgeon, in the late 20th century.8 However, a more comprehensive review of neurosurgical history in Hawaii has not been conducted. Notably, there has been no consolidated effort to detail the pre-Cloward era, as well as the trends in neurosurgical care at the University of Hawaii in the modern era. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, this article will review and chronicle the development of neurosurgery in Hawaii. This analysis includes 3 major topics. These include a review of Hawaii’s first neurosurgeons, with special attention to Dr. Frederick Reichert; a comprehensive review of Dr. Cloward’s contributions to the field; and finally, a brief review of the current state of neurosurgery in Hawaii and the Pacific islands. The Early 20th Century: Information is relatively sparse on neurosurgical efforts in the Hawaiian Islands before Dr. Cloward. The limited neurosurgical care available during this period came in the form of traveling surgeons, who would come to the islands for brief periods of time to provide desperately needed services. A notable example is Dr. Frederick Reichert (Figure 1). Dr. Reichert trained under the prominent surgeon Walter Dandy, at Johns Hopkins, before moving to Stanford University to serve as faculty. He was appointed chief of neurosurgery at Stanford in 1926 and held the position continually until 1954 (Figure 2). It is known that Dr. Frederick would make annual trips to the Hawaiian Islands to provide much needed care to the local population.9 He was also involved with the Pan Pacific Surgical Association, although information on this collaboration is relatively limited.