مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد معیارهای محرک: داده های بزرگ – الزویر 2018

The US health care system is rapidly adopting electronic medical records (EMRs) and this will dramatically increase the quantity of clinical data available for sophisticated analysis during inpatient and outpatient care. Outpatient information that is becoming routinely available includes notifications of when patients fill their prescriptions and when they use their devices, such as an inhaler for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilators for obstructive sleep apnea, as well as compliance with follow-up in outpatient clinics. Inpatient data include recent laboratory tests, imaging, vital sign monitoring with continuous electrocardiogram, carbon dioxide monitoring, pulse oximeters, and motion sensors that will monitor respiratory patterns and change in pulse. An integrated approach to analyzing this information creates the opportunity to improve health care quality, distribute resources adequately, and decrease cost. The types and quantity of information available and the ability to analyze it in ways that can affect patient management in real time are referred to as big data. In 2012, big data was described as “large volumes of high velocity, complex and variable data that requires advanced techniques and technologies to enable the capture, storage, distribution, management and analysis of the information.”1 Existing analytical techniques can be applied to the vast amount of existing patient-related health and medical data to reach a deeper understanding of outcomes, which can be applied to point-of-care management and assist physicians and their patients during the decision-making process and help determine the most appropriate treatment option. Numerous questions can be addressed with big data analytics and the potential benefits include detecting diseases at earlier stages, managing specific individual and population health, and detecting health care fraud more quickly and efficiently.2 Additionally, the McKinsey Global Institute estimates that big data analytics can generate more than $300 billion in savings in US health care through reduction of waste and inefficiency in clinical operations, research, and development.