مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد چارچوب اینترنت اشیا و گوشی هوشمند در شهر هوشمند – اسپرینگر 2018

Introduction

The process of developing a smart city involves the interaction of different stakeholders like city authorities, public and private sectors, as well as the citizens. For better urban governance, the need to plan and implement smart applications for citizens is becoming evident. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have already been applied in different applications related to smart city like environment monitoring, ambient assisted living, infrastructure monitoring, transport monitoring, etc. In this context, internet of things (IoT) will also play an active role by connecting and enabling devices to the internet (Jin et al. 2014). Moreover, using the smart-phones, smart wearables, citizens can provide data as well as receive information for better awareness of their surroundings. Aggregating information from these various sources with the goal of knowledge extraction is a major challenge of smart city applications. In this respect, citizens participation provides a key input for intelligent decision and policy making. As a matter of fact, the day is not very far that data will be costlier than the devices itself. Among the various data sources of the present world, the prime data sources that we need to mention is IoT, WSN, smartphones and crowd. Since all the devices generate different types of data, different format along with different rate and thus to handle this heterogeneity, we need a unified framework where these various data sources may fit in. There are many context dependencies between these various sources, which are often both logically and physically linked with one another. Moreover, there exist complex correlations between the different data sets generated from various applications related to smart city. To handle this an architectural framework is proposed here which not only fits this different type of applications, but can also seamlessly incorporate data and infrastructure resources available in the underlying environment. In reality Smart city related data is heterogeneous and can be structured, semi structured or unstructured in general (Nastic et al. 2014). Heterogeneity of data comes from the heterogeneity of sensors generating these data. Thus, sensor fusion is very important in terms of smart city realisation as well as for the proposed framework (Dutta et al. 2018). Sensor heterogeneity is also a reason that motivates to design an interoperable framework so that new sensors required by emerging smart city applications can also be added easily. Furthermore, cloud platform can be utilized to handle this smart city’s data diversity and still provide a unified analytics layer such that meaningful information can be extracted by mining these data. Actually, cloud computing includes so many aspects of computing almost everything which is needed that hardly a non-cloud solution is able to provide (Datta et al. 2016). The motivation behind designing a framework to cater these different types of smart city applications and consequently our contribution in this work are discussed in the following subsections.