مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد محاسبات ابری وسایل نقلیه – الزویر 2018

Intelligent transportation systems are designed to provide innovative applications and services relating to traffic management, as well as to facilitate the access to information for other systems and users. The compelling motivation for employing underutilized onboard resources for transportation systems and the advancements in management technology for Cloud computing resources has promoted the concept of Vehicular Clouds. This work gathers and describes the most recent approaches and solutions for Vehicular Clouds, featuring applications, services, and traffic models that can enable Vehicular Cloud in a more dynamic environment. We have considered a large number of applications and services that showed relevance in the scope of the transportation system, benefiting its management, drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. Nevertheless, the high traffic mobility imposes as a significant challenge in implementing a Vehicular Cloud on continually changing physical resources. The dynamics of the environment bring fundamental issues and increase the complexity of building this new type of Cloud. By analyzing the existing traffic models, we found that Vehicular Cloud computing is technologically feasible not just in the static environment, like a parking lot or garage where vehicles are stationary, but also the dynamic scenarios, such as highways or streets where vehicles move.

Introduction

The automotive industry has been showing revolutionary changes lately, investing in the incorporation of more technological features in vehicles, as well as allowing drivers to access sophisticated smart vehicles for daily use. Any typical 5 current vehicle is considered a computer-on-wheels because it comes equipped with a powerful onboard computer, large-capacity storage device, sensitive radio transceivers, collision radars, and a GPS device. At the same time, Cloud computing [1] has presented fast-paced advancements that have allowed it to support built dynamic Clouds in mobile environments. 10 The flexibility that Cloud has introduced for the on-demand provision of resources and services over the Internet has allowed it to be recognized as a public utility [2]. For instance, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) has become the largest provider of dynamic compute capacity in the Cloud. This growth is justified by the increasing interest of businesses into elastically and 15 scalably renting Cloud services, platforms, or software instead of building and maintaining their data centers [3]. Consequently, these allied interests further advance the development of Cloud computing, which introduces a pay-as-you-go model, scalability, resources on demand, virtualization technology, and Quality of Service (QoS) as its key features. The accelerated interests in its versatility 20 have made Cloud computing the major technological trend in IT, with massive investments and corporate efforts to migrate their business into this new paradigm. The benefits and challenges in the field have motivated several germinal works, promoting the introduction of a Vehicular Cloud framework [4]. This 25 initial work abstracts the current issues and classifies the solutions as a matter of leveraging on the underutilized vehicular resources, such as network connectivity, computational power, storage, and sensing capability, which can be shared with vehicle owners. Furthermore, this framework is expected to enable business models to aggregate resources and rent them to potential consumers, 30 similarly to the traditional Cloud infrastructure. In this context, a vehicular Cloudlet has been presented, which consists of a group of vehicles that can share resources through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, or even vehicle-toeverything (V2X) communication.