۱٫ Introduction

۲٫ Characterization of wind energy

۳٫ Problem formulation

۴٫ Exchange market algorithm (EMA)

۵٫ Application of the EMA method for solving the optimization problem

۶٫ Numerical results

۷٫ Conclusion

References

Abstract

This paper presents an Exchange Market Algorithm (stocktickerEMA) method for solving the Economic Emission Dispatch (EED) problem including wind farms in the power systems. The stocktickerEMA algorithm is a powerful and useful method for finding the optimal value of an optimization problem with high accuracy. In recent years, because of the emission of harmful gases from fossil fuels and global warming issues, the penetration level of cleaner energies such as the wind and solar energy has been increased in order to produce the desired electrical energy. Therefore, it is vital to consider the wind turbines and wind farms in the EED optimization problem. Due to the probabilistic nature of wind speed in wind turbines, the generated power by wind turbines and wind farms has uncertain nature. Hence, the Weibull probability distribution function is used to model the wind power in the EED problem. The proposed method is tested on the IEEE 40-units test system. The analysis shows that, compared to other algorithms the EMA method has faster convergence and better ability in finding the optimal solution for the EED problem.

Introduction

Economic dispatch (ED) problem is very important for the economical operation of power systems. The purpose of the ED problem is to determine the optimal output values for the generation units to fulfill the load demand and other constraints of a power system, as well as minimizing the cost of electrical energy produced [1]. In the recent years the diffusion of harmful gases such as sulfur oxides (SOX ) and nitrogen oxides (NOX ), which pollutes the atmosphere and exacerbates the global warming situation, has become a critical issue. The main source of these greenhouse gases are the thermal units. One way to limit the emission of these gasses is to impose stricter policies on the thermal units. To apply the new regulations and tax issues for excessive generated greenhouse gases, a combination of economic dispatch and constraints on emission has been introduced which is known as Economic Emission Dispatch (EED) problem. In the EED optimization problem, in addition to minimizing the cost of energy, minimization of the amount of emission has been considered as well [2]. EED is an optimization problem with the following two main goals [3]:

(۱) Minimizing the fuel cost of thermal units.

(۲) Minimizing the emission of harmful gases into the air.