Digital entrepreneurship is an emerging phenomenon in the digital era. While the literature has started to look into this phenomenon, the attention has been paid mainly to digital startups in free markets. In a regulatory environment, however, it is unclear how a new startup might digitally transform business through entrepreneurial actions to overcome the challenges and barriers from regulations. Drawing on the dynamic capabilities and digital innovation literature, I conduct an in-depth longitudinal study at a Dutch digital startup. I trace the underlying mechanisms through which it creates digital solutions to the regulations in the Dutch healthcare sector — demand-driven digital disruption, fast digital adaptation, and continuous digital transplantation. Novel implications for digital entrepreneurship in the regulatory environment are presented.

Introduction

Recent literature has documented the digitization of innovation and entrepreneurship allows rapid growth of new startups in free markets (Huang et al., 2017; Nambisan, 2017; Nambisan et al., 2017). One of the reasons is that digital startups grow by drawing on and adding to digital infrastructure (Henfridsson and Bygstad, 2013; Yoo et al., 2010), which allow them to leverage the real options by adapting information technology (IT) platform (Fichman, 2004) and shape agility upon digital options (Sambamurthy et al., 2003). The literature, however, is unclear about in a regulatory environment, how digital startups may take “disruptive” entrepreneurial actions with digital platforms to overcome the regulatory inhibitors and barriers of business. This paper aims to shed some light on this important but relatively ignored area in the research on digital entrepreneurship by an extensive research effort of an in-depth longitudinal study of a Dutch digital startup in the healthcare sector. I draw on the dynamic capabilities literature (Dong and Wu, 2015; Teece, 2007; Teece et al., 1997) and the digital innovation literature (Henfridsson et al., 2014; Nambisan et al., 2017) as the starting point to guide my thinking through how digital startups sense and seize the entrepreneurial opportunities in the regulatory environment, and constantly innovate by reconfiguring their digital platforms in other markets. In this study, I trace three mechanisms leading to the success of a Dutch digital startup to entrepreneurially cope with the regulatory environment: demand-driven digital disruption, fast digital adaption, and continuous digital transplantation. I present these mechanisms and their sequential process, which provide unique insight for research and practice of digital entrepreneurship.

1- Introduction

2- Introduction of research methods

3- Relevant theoretical analysis and research

4- Green architectural design strategy of Residential Buildings in Qinba Mountains

5- Summary

References

Abstract

This article has selected knowledge mapping as the research method and China HowNet as the references source, 222 related research papers are selected to analyze and summarize the keyword co-occurrence network, aiming at the problems of residential architecture research in Qinba Mountains. For the clustered hotspots, taking the traditional residential buildings in Qinba Mountains as an example, this paper carries out a survey and summarizes the ways of residential design in Qinba Mountains, with a view to providing a better reference for the design of residential buildings in this area.

Introduction

Qinba area is located at the junction of Sichuan, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Hubei and Henan provinces and cities. It includes Hanzhong, Ankang, and Shangluo from Shaanxi, Xiangfan, Shiyan, Jingmen, Suizhou, and Shennongjia Forest District from Hubei, Dazhou and Bazhong from Sichuan, Wanzhou from Chongqing and Nanyang from Henan. There are East-West Mountains like Qinling and Daba, the longest tributary of the Yangtze River, the Hanjiang River, all run through this area, with geographical integrity and the consistency of natural-ecological conditions. Many connected small basins and valleys among here are fertile and well climate, with geographical integrity and the consistency of self-ecological conditions [1]. Knowledge mapping is a modern technology theory that integrates many disciplines. It is based on mathematics, informatics, metrology and other knowledge. It shows the relationship between knowledge development process and knowledge structure of a discipline in the form of visual mapping, so that users can grasp the development history, frontier areas and the overall knowledge structure of the discipline quickly and accurately [2]. In recent years, it has become an important research direction for many disciplines to use knowledge mapping to visualize the development of disciplines. However, there are only few applications in the field of architecture, especially in the study of residential buildings in Qinba Mountains. In this paper, we used knowledge mapping as research method to analyze the research hotspots of residential buildings in Qinba Mountains, and based on this, targeted research is carried out. Questionnaire survey and field survey are used to investigate and experience dozens of villages in Qinba Mountains. Data collected from 1600 data collections and building thermal environment tests are taken as research objects, the current situation of building formation is investigated and studied, and the reference is provided for the design of local residential buildings.

On a global scale, the creation of artificial forest plantations on the initially forestless or deforested areas is regarded an important factor enhancing sequestration of carbon dioxide in different natural and climatic zones of the world [32, 35, 44, 50–52]. Estimates of the portion of carbon accumulated by the soil in forest plantations vary from less than 1% [47] to 39% [53]. Such a range of available estimates of the contribution of soils to the CO2 absorption is due to the strong dependence of the humus budget in forest ecosystems on a number of factors, including the initial humus content of the soil, the technology of its pre-planting preparation, the species composition and age of tree plantations, topography, climate, etc. [40, 43]. The most significant growth in the humus content of soils was observed during the forest planting or during natural overgrowing of abandoned arable lands with a low initial organic matter content [5, 38, 45, 46, 49, 50, 53]. At the same time, the planting of forests on pastures and in prairies led to some decrease in the storage of organic carbon and nitrogen in soils [39, 48]. Soil moistening also affects the dynamics of humus in soils under the forest. According to research in various regions of the world, a positive balance of humus is usually observed in the areas with precipitation of up to 800–1000 mm, and a negative balance of humus is observed in the areas with precipitation of more than 1000 mm [37, 38, 42, 49, 50]. Hence, forest planting may have a positive effect on the humus budget only for degraded soils of former agricultural lands under conditions of optimal moistening and the presence of grass cover in forest plantations. In addition to the impact on the dynamics of organic matter, forest planting significantly affects other soil indicators, including, in particular, the composition of the soil adsorption complex. A number of researchers note that an increase in acidity and a decrease in the amount of exchangeable bases are more expressed under coniferous species [33, 36, 39, 45, 46, 53]. The acidifying effect of forest plantations increases with an increase in the age of forest plantations and in the degree of their moistening [40]. Beginning from the early works by Korzhinsky [16], Tkachenko [29, 30], and Gorshenin [10], studies of the impact of artificial forest plantations on soil in the chernozemic zone have traditionally been focused on identification of the features of soil degradation. Numerous studies showed that the creation of forest plantations in the steppe and forest-steppe zones on plains with the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov of 0.6–1.3 leads to certain changes in the properties of chernozems and dark chestnut soils. In particular, under the impact of woody vegetation, the crumb– granular structure is transformed into the angular blocky structure, the acidity of the soils increases, the humus content decreases, and the Cha/Cfa becomes smaller. Most scientists did not consider these changes as soil degradation [2, 3, 7, 20–22, 24] and emphasized the positive effect of forest vegetation on the original soil properties. The latter is manifested by an increase in the thickness of the humus horizon, an improvement of the soil physical and water-physical parameters, and leaching of soluble salts [3, 11, 13, 22, 23, 28, 31]. It was suggested that such soils should be referred to as forest-reclaimed chernozems [27].