Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Integrated Data Exchanges: The Foundation of Smart Cities

3. Applying Governance Approaches to Provisioning IDE Services

4. Discussion: Governance and Sustainability of IDEs

5. Conclusion

References

Abstract

     Collecting, processing, and distributing information has always been a core function of government. This core function has evolved from the earliest ancient governments using clay tablets to today’s smart cities relying on integrated data exchanges (IDE). A smart city “uses information and information technology to make better decisions to improve the quality of life” (Nam and Pardo, 2011). The IDE framework builds upon the data platform literature (O’Reilly, Jan. 2011) by incorporating governance systems to manage a smart city’s activities. This conceptual paper takes existing research, synthesizes it, and creates a new framework to identify how cities can select the appropriate governance rules to facilitate the political, financial, and operational sustainability of their IDEs, and derivatively, their smart city efforts.

Introduction

     Managing information has always been a core function of government
Managing information has always been a core function of government. For example, one of the earliest civilizations in the world, the ancient city of Sumer in Mesopotamia (c. 4500 – c. 1900 BCE) (Anon Feb. 01, 2020) used cuneiform tablets (Anon Apr. 01, 2022) to record contracts and property transfers. In fact, most of the clay tablets that were unearthed, were used to support a public function. Some historians also believe that the expansion of these earliest empires critically depended on a code of law that could be communicated to the far-flung parts of the empire (e.g., the famous Hammurabi’s Code, 1758 BCE) (Charpin and Todd, 2010). Since then, new technologies have developed to improve the collection and distribution information, generating new challenges and opportunities for civilization and also how government should provide data and information1: including the printing press (Adelmann, Mar. 19, 2012) (McLuhan, 1962), the telegraph (Howe, 2007), the Internet (Castells, 2001), AI (Yigitcanlar et al., 2022) and block-chain (Tsampoulatidis et al., 2022). “Smart cities” are the latest conceptualization about how technology can improve government (Anthopoulos and Reddick, 2022) 2. Although by some accounts, the term has become a brand that businesses use to sell technologies (Smith and Prieto Martín, 2022), this study defines smart cities as those that “use information and information technology to make better decisions to improve the quality of life” (Nam and Pardo, 2011).

Conclusion

     If good public management is good decision-making (Simon, 1947), then information is the lifeblood of government. Creating, storing, and analyzing information is not only a core government function, but it is also foundational to the rest of society. As for government, evidence-based or data driven decision-making is key to be recognized as a “smart” city. Foundational to smart city efforts is an IDE to manage vast and disparate sources of information. One of the contributions of this study is defining an IDE and its role in curating, managing, and disseminating information.

     In constructing a conceptual framework for an IDE, dimensions of political sustainability, operational sustainability, and financial sustainability emerged. This study makes the argument that IDE sustainability may be dependent on different governance models: municipal, regional cooperative, and PPP. If an important goal is to use up-to-date technology to make sure that the city stays innovative, it makes more sense to have this function governed by public-private governance systems and their accompanying rules than to keep that within a municipal governance system. If, however, the strategic goal is to make sure that the public is actively involved in smart city efforts or to be transparent and accountable, a public governance system is more appropriate for those functions.

Introduction

Background and definitions of student engagement

Connecting library programming with student engagement

Connecting PA Forward with academic library programming

Basic literacy

Information literacy

Civic and social literacy

Conclusion

Notes

References

Abstract

This article explores how the academic library can help foster conditions for both academic and social engagement on the college campus, with the ultimate goal of increasing student satisfaction, success, and retention. The background and varied definitions of student engagement are reviewed and the importance of engagement for student success is discussed. Finn’s participation-identification model (1989) is adapted to show how the academic library can provide opportunities through library programming for meaningful engagement to take place. The model holds promise for documenting positive outcomes for library programming in light of already defined ways engagement is known to help with overall success and retention. Examples of successful programs are provided showing how this model can be put into practice.

Introduction

Student engagement is a multi-faceted, well-researched, and oftendiscussed topic on college campuses. Although definitions of student engagement vary, the consensus is that engagement involves both academic and social components. Hu and Kuh (2002, p. 555) view it as “the most important factor in student learning and personal development during college”. As such, it is unrealistic to expect any one group to take full responsibility for all the dimensions involved in engagement. There are numerous mindsets and strategies available for students, administrators, faculty, and staff to improve student engagement in a holistic approach. The academic library, often considered the heart of the university, could play an important role in this approach, with the ultimate goal of improving student learning and success.

Given the documented importance of engagement, it would be beneficial for institutions to focus on ways to set the stage for this engagement to take place, creating an environment in which students are motivated to seize opportunities to become involved, both in and out of the classroom. This article explores how the academic library can contribute to such an environment. By providing opportunities for students to make connections with others on campus and participate in activities that foster effective learning practices, spark curiosity, and engage them both academically and socially, the academic library can have a positive impact on student learning and personal development. The library is in a unique position to bridge the academic and social pieces of the college experience. In institutions with available resources, academic libraries could capitalize on this role by providing these opportunities through meaningful co-curricular programs that extend beyond the classroom. However, the library’s role in student engagement could be considered in many ways, depending on the size of the budget, the staff, and the institution. At the very least, the library offers a space for student-faculty interactions to take place outside of the classroom. Finding ways to encourage these interactions and to merge the academic and social components of engagement could do much to help create a culture of learning on the college campus.

Introduction

Literature review

Methodology

Result and data analysis

Discussion and suggestions

Conclusion

References

Abstract

Social media like Facebook have become popular tools for different organizations like libraries in marketing practice. To build relationships with library users, libraries hope social media can engage its user communities actively with their collections, services, and activities. This paper aims at evaluating the effectiveness of using social media as a platform in marketing through a questionnaire on the Facebook page of the University of Hong Kong Libraries (HKUL), comparing the perspectives of students and faculty members. Both the current situation of HKUL’s Facebook page and the reasons affecting users’ interest and participation in the page are evaluated, in order to suggest better strategies for the library to deal with the needs of library users in the future. Other university libraries can also gain new insights from the study.

This research has the following key findings: 1. The marketing practices of HKUL’s Facebook page generally did not receive adequate attention and reactions from users; 2. Students were more engaged than faculty members in HKUL’s Facebook page, as students use more varieties of library services than faculty members; 3. User needs, social media content, and interactions generally affected user acceptance of the library’s Facebook marketing.

Introduction

Marketing refers to “effective management by an organization of its exchange relationship with its various markets and publics” (Kotler, 1972, p.12). Johnson (2014) defines the term of marketing from a library context, which is to determine the wants and needs of the user communities, to develop the products and services to respond, as well as to encourage users and potential users to take advantage of those products and services. Therefore, building relationships by connecting users to the library would be critical in the marketing practice. Through public engagement and liaison work with user communities, it enables two-way interactions between libraries and their users by allowing libraries to communicate its collection policies and services, as well as enabling their users to express needs and offer feedback. Furthermore, these marketing activities can help ensure the collections and services satisfy the needs of users, and arouse the awareness of the users (RUSA, 2010).

Introduction

Literature review

Theoretical framework

Conceptual model

Methodology

Data analysis, presentation of results and discussion

Discussion of findings

Conclusion

References

Abstract

Digital library has the capabilities of storing various electronic information resources which can conveniently be accessed by remote end-users via computer networks and the Internet. In recent times, Universities in Nigeria have embarked on integration of technologies in their operations for improvement, especially with respect to digitisation of academic information resources. However, with the huge investment committed to establishment of digital libraries in Nigerian Universities, less research has been done on their acceptance and usage from the users’ perspective, more especially with respect to the fit of digital library with students’ tasks. This study, therefore, investigated task-technology fit of digital libraries in three Nigerian Universities and identified factors influencing use of digital library by the students. Survey design guided the study and a questionnaire was used to collect data from 402 students. The study found a high usage of digital library among the students. A moderate positive correlation and significant relationship was found between the independent variables (task characteristics, technology characteristics, attitude, computer self-efficacy and task-technology fit) and use of digital library. The study validates the TTF model which posits that for an information system to be utilised, it must be a good fit for the tasks it supports.

Introduction

Digital library (DL) is of increasing significance in recent years, becoming a platform for easy access to electronic resources for a wide community of users. In recent times, Nigerian universities have embarked on integration of technologies in their operations for improvement and development, especially in the aspect of digitisation, dissemination and preservation of academic information resources. The universities libraries are fully involved in this development as they are the heart of the universities where intellectual contents of the institutions are housed. Also as part of mandatory requirements of the Nigeria National Universities Commission, various university libraries in Nigeria have complied and subscribed to DL initiative as a way of complementing and providing access to unlimited data and information resources; hence, DL is a gateway to access electronic resources in many Nigerian universities.

Introduction

Literature review

Methods

Data analysis and results

Discussion

Conclusion

Appendix 1. Sample libraries of this study

Appendix 2. List of the selected ARL member libraries for identification of guides

References

Abstract

Built on a pilot study, this study examined how librarians understand fake news and the specific methods or strategies they suggest for detecting fake news by analyzing their guides from academic libraries. A content analysis regarding a total of 21 institutional guides was conducted. The major findings include the following: 1) in the librarians’ guides stating their definition of fake news, the two elements of falsity and the intention to mislead were explicitly stated. The other element of bias, however, was presented in only some guides. 2) The sub-elements of clickbait, a decontextualized content and omitted information were inconsistently or barely presented across these guides. 3) Only two institutional libraries put forth the notion of fact in relation to fake news in their guides. 4) All of the guides suggested checklist approaches to detecting fake news or evaluating news sources. Finally, 5) librarians acknowledge the influence of human biases on consuming news. However, psychological factors are minimally presented in most of the guides. This study provides a few suggestions. First, librarians must further clarify the term fake news so that it reflects its multiple layers. Second, librarians must incorporate new strategies, such as lateral reading and click restraints, in combination with a few prioritized elements of a checklist into their guides regarding detecting fake news. Finally, librarians must pay attention to psychological factors more when interpreting facts in their strategies about news sources and fake news.

Introduction

Fake news has been a serious public concern since the 2016 US presidential election. Academics, professionals and organizations have responded to the phenomenon of fake news by engaging in a range of activities, from conferences and empirical studies to fact checking. Librarians have also joined in these efforts. Some urge that librarians should take a leadership role in combatting fake news (Buschman, 2019; Cooke, 2017; Wade & Hornick, 2018). Similarly, others maintain that the current information crisis is an opportunity for librarians to promote the profession and demonstrate their value (Eva & Shea, 2018). Accordingly, there have been a number of efforts to tackle fake news within the profession (Buschman, 2019; Eva & Shea, 2018; LaPierre & Kitzie, 2019; Neely-Sardon & Tignor, 2018; Wade & Hornick, 2018). One notable activity introduced by librarians includes the creation of their guides for college students to discern fake news. By providing students with these guides, academic librarians have attempted to help students detect fake news and become savvy news consumers.

1- Introduction

2- Raspberry Pie

3- System Design

4- System Implementation

5- Summary

References

Abstract

Based on the requirements of the ammunition management system, this paper designs and implements a raspberry-based intelligent ammunition library management system, which realizes the collection of environmental information and surveillance video images through the mobile app client. Camera modules, sensors and other devices pass through the serial port. Connected to the MCU, after the Raspberry Pi collects the information, it sends the data to the specified IP address and port through the SOCKET thread in the form of data stream. The mobile client (APP) also receives the data sent by the Raspberry Pi through the SOCKET thread. And display the collected data. Through actual tests, it shows that the design meets the expected requirements.

Introduction

Resources such as weapons and oil often have certain requirements for the storage environment, such as environmental humidity and temperature. At present, the application aspects in this part of the market mainly focus on the manual timing and shift inspection records on the spot, which will greatly occupy the staff’s energy, consume manpower and material resources, and waste costs. The product of this project is the intelligent ammunition warehouse security system, which can realize the automatic detection and management of warehouse intelligence, and transmit the warehouse environment parameters and monitoring video to the mobile phone client in real time through sensors to realize monitoring and monitoring, and realize photographing, alarm and other corresponding Function, greatly improve the efficiency of warehouse management personnel and warehouse security. The system can be applied to the armory, strategic oil depot, sea-ship ship weapons warehouse, etc., and is of great significance to the military and civilian warehouses.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of social media in the marketing of academic library resources and services in Kuwait and identifies the factors related to the use of social media applications in marketing academic libraries. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative data-collection approach using a paper and online questionnaire has been employed to elicit the opinions of librarians working in academic libraries in Kuwait in both private and public institutions. In total, 89 valid questionnaires have been analyzed using descriptive ( frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations) and inferential statistics ( factor analysis, correlations, experimental analysis and regression). Findings – The study shows that the academic librarians have a positive perception toward the use of social media. The identified factors relating to the use of social media for marketing library information resources and services are the usefulness of social media tools in raising awareness and in providing needs analysis and satisfaction assessments. However, management support for the use of social media for library marketing is poor. Practical implications – This study provides insights into the factors related to the use of modern social media platforms to promote information resources and services at academic libraries to provide outreach services to current and potential users. Originality/value – This research contributes to the field of information studies as it highlights the importance of using social media platforms in marketing academic library information resources and services. Library administrators could use the results to develop social media marketing plans to effectively promote their library resources.

Introduction

New technologies have allowed libraries to adopt online marketing strategies to promote their resources and services (Siddike et al., 2015) to as many users as possible (Garoufallou, Siatri, Zafeiriou and Balampanidou, 2013). In particular, social media, defined as “a group of Internet-based applications that allow for the creation and exchange of user-generated content” (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010, p. 62), has enabled people to interact and share information online (Xu et al., 2015). With the rise of social media in the last decade, many libraries have included social media applications as primary marketing and communication tools to engage with the user community (Luo et al., 2013; Kho, 2011; Garoufallou, Zafeiriou, Siatri and Balapanidou, 2013; Jahan and Ahmed, 2012), as social media offers real-time channels for communication, information sharing and interactive dialogue at any time on any portable mobile device (Palmer, 2014; Xu et al., 2015). ICT penetration and use in Kuwait is high, with social network use as high as 90 percent for Kuwaitis aged 15–44 years old. Social media in Kuwait has been found to be mainly used for news and information (94 percent) with female use (91.2 percent) and male use (89.4 percent) being relatively similar (The Central Agency for Information Technology, 2016). Therefore, given the depth of social media penetration in Kuwait, it is expected that this would have an effect on the use of social media in higher academic institutions. Unfortunately, academic libraries in Kuwait have lacked the initiative to adopt social media applications, even though the higher education institutions the libraries belong to generally have good technological infrastructure (Al-Daihani, 2009; Al-Daihani and AlAwadhi, 2015). Therefore, this exploratory study examined the factors related to the use of social media applications in academic libraries to market their resources and services. It was expected that the results of this study could assist academic libraries develop strategies for using social media tools to promote their resources and services, publicize news and events and increase their visibility, outreach and customer engagement.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify challenges and motivators to social media adoption for marketing purposes in public libraries and to investigate how these libraries perceive the importance of social media marketing. Design/methodology/approach – A nation-wide online survey on public libraries in the USA was conducted to carry out this study, and a total number of 470 responses were used for data analysis. Findings – This study determined a range of challenges and motivators to implementing social media for marketing in public libraries. The results also showed that public libraries perceive social media as an important tool for their library marketing and intend to increase their use. Practical implications – The findings from this study can serve as a guideline for public libraries when employing social media for marketing purposes in their libraries. Originality/value – This study assessed the current state of social media use for marketing in the public library context, a context that has been under-researched in the literature, from three perspectives: challenges, motivators, and perceptions.

Introduction

Social media has become an important, if not indispensable, channel for many individuals to communicate and interact with others. According to a recent report by Greenwood et al. (2016), for example, 68 percent of all US adults use Facebook, one of the most popular social media platforms, and 76 percent of the Facebook users visit the site on a daily basis. Social media refers to “a set of online tools that are designed for and centered around social interactions” (Bertot et al., 2012, p. 30), and the tools take on a variety of forms such as networking (e.g. Facebook), publishing (e.g. Wikipedia), photo and video sharing (e.g. Flickr, YouTube), microblogging (e.g. Twitter), cataloging (e.g. Goodreads), and curating (e.g. Pinterest), etc. Given the popularity of social media among the general public, all types of organizations have also been actively employing these tools to enhance their marketing and promotional activities. Libraries have been no exception in this respect and are constantly making efforts to increase their presence on various social media platforms (Luo et al., 2013). For instance, a survey targeting libraries in the USA indicated that the majority of the libraries use social media tools for purposes such as promoting library services, providing updates to users, and reaching out to new users (Rogers, 2009). A white paper compiled by Taylor & Francis Group (2014) reported that over 70 percent of the libraries that participated in its international survey were found to use social media tools, and their primary reason for using these tools was to promote library services and resources. A number of benefits of using social media for marketing in libraries have been discussed. By conducting a SWOT analysis, for example, Fernandez (2009) identified a range of advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, two-way communication, and proactive outreach. The white paper by Taylor & Francis Group (2014), mentioned above, pointed out several additional benefits including requiring little training, increasing engagement and interaction with users, and gathering feedback to improve user services. Blakeman and Brown (2010) also suggested a few other benefits of adopting social media for library marketing, such as increasing community efforts, developing community networks, and fund raising. These benefits are especially attractive to public libraries considering that many of them are suffering from budget cuts and facing various contemporary challenges such as competition with the internet (Miller, 2008). Thus, they are in constant need of proving their value to funding agencies, patrons, and communities. Also, as suggested in Rutherford (2008a, p. 411), some of the attributes of social media, such as providing users with a place to build a library community where they can contribute their own content and share their knowledge with others, well support the mission and goals of public libraries that put great emphasis on the importance of user participation and community building. Much of the extant research on libraries’ use of social media for marketing, however, has been conducted in the context of academic libraries, the aims and users of which are largely different from those of public libraries (Anttiroiko and Savolainen, 2011; Gan, 2016; Phillips, 2015; Rutherford, 2008b).