۱- Introduction

۲- In vitro studies

۳- In vivo studies

۴- Conclusion(s)

References

Abstract

Stem cell, one of the most exciting research areas of 21st century, is considered to have broaden the horizons of the field of biology, in general and medicine, in particular. Stem cells, owing to their unique characteristics like self-renewal, multiplication and differentiation are considered to provide an ‘all-in-one-solution’ for diverse clinical problems. Among various stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being made the subject of the most of the studies on their therapeutic applications. It is attributable to their readily available sources, ability to immunemodulate and differentiate into mesodermal and extra-mesodermal tissues. MSCs in contrast to pluripotent stem cells carry minimal risk of teratoma formation and are free from any ethical concern. MSCs have been evaluated under innumerable studies but the definitive applications of these cells are slow, plausibly due to the incomplete understanding of their cellular physiology. Goat MSCs (gMSCs) have been isolated, culture expanded, characterized from various tissue sources and studied for their potential in vivo applications mostly in relation to human translational models. The current review throws some light on gMSC sources, characterization and potential therapeutic applications.

Introduction

The stem cells constitute an important element in the discipline of regenerative medicine that aims to address numerous incurable diseases through tissue regeneration (Gugjoo and Amarpal, 2018; Gugjoo et al. 2019). The specialized properties of selfrenewal, multiplication and differentiation of stem cells make them potential candidates for an all-in-one therapeutic solution to diverse clinical ailments. Among various stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make subject of most of the therapeutic applications (Gugjoo et al. 2019). MSCs are available in almost all the tissue types and have easy isolation and culture processes. The cells are plastic in nature, and have immunomodulatory and/ anti-inflammatory properties with minimal risk of teratogenicity and associated ethical issues unlike that of embryonic stem cells (Song et al. 2013; Gugjoo et al. 2019).