مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد مدیریت سیستم های حمل و نقل از طراحی تا ساخت و ساز – الزویر 2018

The main purpose of a TSM&O program is to maximize the safety, reliability, and efficiency of all modes of the transportation system. Increasing the benefits of an existing infrastructure can improve operational performance, reduce long term costs, and save time. According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), TSM&O is defined as “an integrated program to optimize the performance of the existing infrastructure through implementation of multimodal, cross-jurisdictional systems, services, and projects” (FHWA, 2013). Due to limited resources and fiscal constraints for new infrastructure to mitigate congestion, new strategies are needed to obtain the most capacity and efficiency of the existing or planned transportation system. Strategies such as traffic incident management, traveler information dissemination, traffic signal coordination, and work zone management are considered parts of TSM&O and have proven to be quite effective thus far in many categories compared to the traditional capacity improvement projects. TSM&O is traditionally managed by traffic engineers that focus on optimizing efficiency and operations within a particular corridor utilizing common techniques such as retimings and access modifications. With the emphasis moving towards maximizing current infrastructure, the practice of managing TSM&O can be applied to all units and disciplines to increase efficiency. This should include planning, emergency services, public transportation, environmental management, design, and integration of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) on the roads and railways. Many agencies at the state, regional, and local level have found great use of managing and operating the transportation system as well as implementing ITS strategic plans and architectures and have made progress in applying TSM&O strategies (Atkinson et al., 2013). It is still noticeable. However, even with this progress there is a disconnection between infrastructure design and the needed long term results. One main reason is the lack of policies which could support the integration of TSM&O strategies within the planning or design stages as a routine method of business practice. This paper provides detailed guidance on how to apply TSM&O strategies from the planning stages to the construction phase of any general transportation project. There are also tools included, which will assist in developing a TSM&O program and best benefit the needs of the agency. Various examples are used to show the effectiveness of TSM&O strategies applying in infrastructure design at the early stages of a project. The application of these strategies allows improvement in regional transportation system efficiency, reliability, and option over a long term of a project’s life span.