۱- Introduction

۲- Automobile Internet of Things

۳- IoT Requirements for Robotic First Aid System

۴- Robotic First Aid System IoT Architecture

۵- Conclusion

References

Abstract

Health emergencies occur in passenger cars where victims do not have immediate access to either layperson or professional, proper medical services, resulting in deterioration of their health or death. Installation of a robotic first aid system for passenger car occupants has been proposed. This research is part of a larger work of designing the system and identifies the existing hardware and software automotive infrastructure that the robotic first aid system can functionally use. These resources are reviewed in categories of sensing, connectivity, data analysis and information exchange, which form the internet of things. Consequently, the system’s design for internet of things mechanical requirements are identified in sensing. Finally, a preliminary framework for the system’s internet of things infrastructure is established to facilitate the development of a smart robot.

Introduction

We live in an invisible jungle of communication where millions of devices interact with each other at any one time, their signals travelling at colossal speed through land, air and even water – all because of the internet. As envisioned by its pioneers, the internet today connects computers in automobiles, homes, industrial and business spaces, and wearable devices, forming the Internet of Things (IoT). The past decade has seen rapid development of IoT systems because gadgets operate more efficiently, effectively and at lower costs towards a common goal when connected to share information and facilities, both hardware and software [1], [2]. One of the most significant research areas in the field of IoT is human healthcare. Vehicle safety is a top priority for automakers, consumers, governments and other parties concerned with road transport safety [3]–[۵]. Despite their efforts, several studies report that morbidity and mortality rates resulting from road-traffic accidents (RTAs) are on the rise in some regions of the world, particularly low- and middle-income countries (LICs and MICs), and road traffic injuries are a leading cause of preventable death [6]–[۹]. Additionally, vehicle occupants are susceptible to non-traumatic medical emergencies including cardiovascular and respiratory complications [10]–[۱۲]. It is well documented that quick and correct medical assistance is the key to survival of any major medical emergency, such as an injury, a stroke or a heart attack [13], [14]. First aid given to victims of RTAs is known to preserve life, prevent further harm y and at lower costs towards a common goal when connected to share information and facilities, both hardware and software [1], [2]. One of the most significant research areas in the field of IoT is human healthcare. and promote recovery in most cases [15]–[۱۸]. Unfortunately, a number of studies have found that there are high chances of victims not getting proper help for reasons including unavailability of bystanders, responders fearful of worsening the condition and entrapment of victims in the wreckage, thus inaccessible [16], [19]– [۲۵]. Evidence suggests that professional emergency medical service (EMS) post-crash response also influences the recovery of patients [26], [27], and the underlying assumption is that EMS response times should be reduced continuously. A more recent report confirms that if trauma care systems for severely injured RTA victims in LICs and MICs countries were improved to match those in high-income countries (HICs), half a million lives could be saved each year [28]. However, it has been shown that even for areas with effective EMSs, the greatest delays in responding to emergencies come not from EMS response time but from the reaction of patients and bystanders [29]. For such scenarios, it has been suggested that policy concentrates on public first aid education – the same public with a low response rate as mentioned earlier!