۱- Introduction

۲- Theory and proposed scheme

۳- Result and discussion

۴- Conclusion

References

Abstract

This paper reveals an analytical perception of electro-optically tunable cascaded Kerr-lens using RbTiOPO4 (RTP) crystal where the advantageous properties of the crystal have been studied to mitigate the limitations of KTiOPO4 (KTP) and BaB2O4 (BBO) in intracavity high power laser generation. An external electric field application to the z-direction of RTP is introducing a phase mismatch condition leading to a nonlinear phase shift within propagating optical waves. Based on simulated endeavors, a maximum effective nonlinear refractive index of ± ۱٫۴۰۵۳ × ۱۰−۱۳ cm2 /W is calculated by developing a phase shift of ∓۴٫۶ rad. In contrast, KTP and RTP both have almost similar optical properties but due to certain special features like higher damage threshold, less walk-off angle etc., RTP is firmly accepted for high power applications. Additionally, this article is augmented to analyze the self-focusing and defocusing phenomenon owing to the nonuniform distribution of radial intensity of the propagating Gaussian beam. To the best of author’s knowledge, the present analysis manifests the superior performance of RTP that may pave the way to devise a configurable lens analogous to Kerr-lens having an electro-optically tunable focal length.

Introduction

In the past several decades [1–۵], cascaded second-order nonlinearity has played a vital role in the generation of cascaded Kerr lens mode-locking [6] that is nothing but a successive combination of two second harmonic generation (SHG) processes (χ(۲):χ(۲) development) that yields an intensity-dependent large phase mismatch in propagating fundamental waves. Accordingly, the nonlinear phase shift because of the non phasematched condition is also relative to the intensity of the incident beam that is analogous to Kerr medium (χ(۳) nonlinearity) [6,7]. Moreover, the performance of this feature may enlarge the third-order nonlinearity of a medium having weak third-order coefficient [8] which is grander than the natural third-order nonlinearity [5] associated with the Kerr electro-optic effect as well. As a consequence of that, cascaded second-order nonlinearity equivalent to third-order nonlinearity [2] plays a significant role in several areas like transistor action [9], electro-optical detection [10], electro-optic switching [11], selffocusing and self-defocusing [9] etc. [12–۱۵]. Although different techniques are emphasized to develop cascaded second-order nonlinearity using various types of crystals where problems like undesirable cavity loss, inaccuracy of incident beam angle, etc [5,16]. have occurred that deters a controllable desired output. In recent years [17,18], an analytical method has been introduced named “electro-optically tunable cascaded nonlinearity” in an exceedingly bulk anisotropic crystals like Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTiOPO4, KTP) and Beta Barium Borate (BaB2O4, BBO), etc.