مقاله انگلیسی رایگان در مورد روش توانبخشی کمکی دست در فیزیوتراپی واقعیت مجازی – هینداوی ۲۰۱۸

Introduction

Musculoskeletal disorders or lesions in conjunction are one of the leading causes of chronic disability around the world. For example, in the United States, orthopaedic surgery is one of the first causes of medical visits and physical therapy is one of the nonmedicated treatments [1]. Among orthopaedic injuries, wrist fractures had a high incidence in the elderly population in 2001 [2]; forearm fractures of the distal radius are the most common in humans [3]. Patients with a distal radial fracture must require staying out of work around 67 days up to 20 weeks for recovery, what poses relevant economic and social implications. Indeed, at the moment of suffering the radius injury, more than half of the patients are currently employed [4]. A study for evaluating the relationship of pain, occupational performance, and quality of life in a women population after upper limb fractures indicates that half of the reported problems were related with productivity, almost 40% with self-care, and 10% with leisure [5]. Although less frequent, elbow fractures might lead to severe limitations of the forearm, affecting its fundamental role in placing and supporting the hand in the space and as a stabiliser [6]. Elbow fractures can occur at the distal humerus, the proximal radius, or the proximal ulna. Such injuries result in considerable variability of postfracture symptoms (swelling, pain, and loss of motion) and might lead to functional disability [4, 6] because these joints should hold mobility, stability, strength, and absence of pain [7, 8]. Loss of motion of the elbow may affect essential independent functions in daily life activities, including personal care, mobility, eating, or even walking safely with aids especially for the elderly [8]. *e treatment depends on the lesion severity; if the fracture is stable and without dislocation of fragments, a cast or a splint made of thermoplastic material is used for external immobilisation of the lesion area. An unstable and dislocated fracture requires a surgical intervention of reduction and stabilisation and the following immobilisation with a cast or a splint [8, 9]. In any case, after the immobilisation period, an early rehabilitation treatment consisting of exercise physiotherapy must start as early as possible to have a positive recovery of the forearm motion. Four aspects have been suggested as crucial factors for recovery functional movement in patients with fractures affecting the forearm joints: the number of therapy visits [10], the intensity and individualising level of the therapy, the adherence to the postoperative treatment [10], and the objective and continuous monitoring of the patient evolution during the intervention.