۱- Introduction

۲- Experimental methods

۳- Results and discussion

۴- Conclusions

References

Abstract

This study deals with the development of drum brake liner for a multi-utility vehicle possessing a hydraulic brake system by varying 7 weight % of steel fiber and stainless steel fiber each, in friction composite formulations. The developed friction composites were tested for physical, chemical, corrosion, mechanical, thermal properties, and tribological characteristics, under near-actual conditions using an inertia dynamometer as per industrial standards. Finite element analysis software (ANSYS) analysis was performed to show the thermal stress distribution of the developed friction composites at the maximum temperature rise due to heat generated during brake stops, and an extensive evaluation method was used to rank the composites. The study concludes that the brake factor of the stainless steel fiber-based friction composite produces stable performance in all conditions with a lower liner temperature rise of 340 ° C and lower thermal stress at 4.255294 MPa. However, the steel fiber-based composites produced high performance at the beginning but deteriorated after a certain period due to higher levels of corrosion and a high temperature rise of 361 ° C resulting in a negative fade (−۰٫۸۴%) and more thermal stress (5.619102 MPa). The primary plateau, secondary plateau, back transfer of drum wear debris, and the distribution of constituents on the worn surface of the developed composites in a resin matrix were identified and studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy.

Introduction

The brake is a mechanical component for converting kinetic energy into thermal energy using friction [1]. A brake system is classified as a drum brake or disc brake based on its mating surface (construction). Drum brakes contain a set of brake liners made up of friction material bonded or riveted to a curvilinear backing plate and pressed against a rotating part called the rotating drum. In the case of a disc brake system, a disc rotates with the wheel and when the brakes are applied, a set of pads made up of friction material bonded with a backing plate present in the caliper assembly actuate towards the disc, causing the vehicle to stop. Due to energy transformation in this zone, heat dissipation takes place in the form of conduction and convection. This heat also causes the formation of friction film at the mating interface by degrading low, thermally stable, and polymeric ingredients [2]. Thus, the brake friction materials are a cocktail of 15 to 20 ingredients required to achieve desired characteristics like stable friction, low wear rate, low noise, and improved performance in all environmental conditions.