1. Introduction

2. Conditions of Polish universities functioning

3. Marketing evolution of Polish universities

4. Prospects for higher education marketing

5. Method of research

6. Findings

7. Conclusion

References

The aim of the article is to present selected aspects of contemporary marketing of Polish universities. Particular attention was paid to determinants of functioning of universities as a part of the European Higher Education Area, their marketing activities, the modern sense of marketing of these market actors, and the perspectives of its development. The purpose of the article was realized based on the analysis of secondary sources and primary research of authors. Research carried out for the purpose of this article are qualitative in nature and was carried out by In-Depth Interviews among about 14 representatives of Polish universities.

Introduction

The dynamic changes in the environment of contemporary universities mean that they are concentrated on the expectations and needs of their stakeholders, and especially candidates and students. Due to this focus the university management process has the marketing character. Marketing orientation of the university, as in the case of enterprises, is continually evolving. The main determinants of the direction of this evolution is the development of information technologies, the growth of the Internet penetration rate and its priority role as an important source of message in the segment of young consumers. The purpose of this article is to present the specificity and marketing perspectives of Polish universities against the key changes in their environment. In the article Polish and foreign secondary sources were used, including publications of Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Central Statistical Office, acts and development programs, Polish and foreign book publications, press releases and websites associated with the development of modern marketing trends in higher education. There were also presented the results of qualitative primary research of the author carried out with an application of In Depth Interview method among representatives of 14 Polish universities (both public and private in 7 provincial cities), regarding the specificity and marketing perspectives of the university. The article can be a useful source of information for all those interested in marketing management aspects of modern universities on the directions of changes in marketing at universities, the importance of modern marketing concepts for students, candidates and university marketing practices of Polish universities and perspectives in this regard.

1. Introduction

2. Research on talent management: what do we know and where do we go from here?

3. Methodology

4. Research results

5. Conclusion

References

Talent management has received increased attention over recent years, however, up-to-date research has concentrated mainly on developing concepts, constructs and definitions. Although numerous researches, talent management has not been studied extensively in regard to diverse types of organizations. The need for highly qualified employees, which may be regarded as talents, is emphasized and evident in this types of organizations. Up to this moment studies on talent management in health care organizations are scarce, and the need for such research is obvious. The research was based on 5, semi structured interviews carried out in chosen, different health care organizations in Poland. The data gathered during interviews were analyzed following abovementioned methodology leading to conclusions which include theoretical implications in form of propositions, practical implications, as a list of talent management practices suitable for health care organizations as well as future research directions.

Introduction

In recent years talent management has received increased research attention due to its ability to create and sustain competitive advantage of the company (Ashton & Morton, 2005; Coulson-Thomas, 2012). Basically, talent management is related to creating a talent pool from external and internal sources, adequately deploying these resources in pivotal positions, and further, work on their work motivation, organizational commitment and extra-roles behaviors that contribute to organizational performance (see: Collings & Mellahi, 2009). Such understanding of talent management concentrates attention on differentiation and departing from classical – human resource management approach. That means that organization willing to actively engage talents in organizational life have to figure out ways of capitalizing on their competencies and prepare structures, strategies and climate to encourage their employees on pivotal positions to contribute to organizational success. Despite growing research interest little is known about the ways in which public organizations, and healthcare in particular, manage their talents. To fill in this literature gap this study aims at exploring and understanding talent management in healthcare organizations. This aim is obtained in two basic steps. Firstly, we review recent talent management literature trying to identify directions in which scientific debate goes. Secondly, we present empirical study research carried in 5 chosen healthcare organizations from southern Poland and formulate theoretical and practical implications.

1. Introduction

2. Methodology and instruments

3. Results and discussions

4. Conclusion

References

Based on the multiple linear regression model, we investigating which of the observed macroeconomic factors: the unemployment rate, the current account of the country stock index, gross domestic product and industrial production are significantly associated with property prices in relation to the different cultural environments: Slovenia, Greece, France, Poland and Norway. We found that there are statistically significant correlations between the prices of residential real estate and selected macroeconomic factors. The results show a distinct pattern that applies to France, Greece, Norway and Poland, where the price of real estate observed statistically significantly associated with unemployment. In the case of Slovenia, the results show that a statistically significant relationship reflects only to a share index. That is illustrated by the finding that prices in Slovenia on an annual basis, between the observed cultural environments in the observed time interval, most declined.

Introduction

Real estate market and real estate prices are closely linked with general economic cycles (Quigley, 1999; Wang, 2003). Numerous researches as Hon-Chung (2009), Ludwig and Slok (2004), Case et al. (2005), Bardham et al. (2007), Goodhard and Hofmann (2007) and Zhang and Wu (2008) have revealed that among macroeconomic factors related to the real estate prices, the key factors were gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment, share index, current account of a country, demographic factors, household income, interest rate, industrial production and consumption of households. In accordance with the data of the Institute of Macroeconomic Analysis and Development (2015), the biggest influence on the price of real estate have factors associated with GDP, unemployment, current account of a country, domestic demand and share index. We follow the conclusions of HonChung (2009) who said that depending on various influences of the mentioned factors on the real estate price, the results of individual researches could not be generalized to all countries and regions with different environments, but had to be considered separately. Moreover, in the opinion of Mavrodiy (2005) the prices of real estate and activity in the real estate market are connected with the economic development of an individual country. Hong-Yu and Kuentai (2011) on the other hand determined that the prices of real estate in the capitals differed considerably from the prices of real estate in other smaller cities and that it was the prices of real estate in the capitals, which created the real estate market. As in other observed countries, the most expensive real estate can be found in bigger cities. (Mavrodiy, 2005; Himmelberg et al., 2005).

1. Introduction

2. The concept and semantic delimitation of cross-border cooperation

3. Organisational model of tourism in the cross-border area

4. Polish-Russian border

5. Border traffic between Poland and Russia

6. Polish-Russian cooperation in relation to tourism development

7. Conclusions

References

The main aim of the paper is to analyse the system of cross-border tourism between Poland and Russia. In order to study the system, interviews and surveys were conducted; statistical data, legal documents and other sources were analysed and interpreted. A model of cross-border tourism was used in this article. The key stakeholders of tourism organisational system were specified and links among them were discussed. In relation to the development of cross-border tourism, five types of cross-border areas were distinguished (frontier zone, cross-border administrative area, Euroregions, eligible area of the European Neighbourhood Instrument, local border traffic). This article presents the functioning of the border, an analysis of border traffic in the years 2002- 2014 was performed and the causes of fluctuations in such traffic were given. Also the relation between border formalities and the volume of border traffic was discussed. Cross-border cooperation and the introduction of “small border traffic” were proven to increase significantly the volume of cross-border tourism.

Introduction

The development of tourism in the borderland of the two countries is significantly related to cross-border cooperation. The idea of cross-border cooperation was established in Western Europe in the 1950s, it stepped up when INTERREG, a community initiative, was launched in 1990 (Wassenberg & Reitel, 2015), becoming a tool for developing “Europe without borders”, with particular focus on the EU external border (Herrschel, 2011), (Bellini & Hilpert, 2013). Being in the process of integration, cross-border cooperation in Europe is a particular kind of international cooperation (Solarz, 2009) whose frames are specified in terms of territory, subject and object. The effects of cross-border cooperation depend on the efficiency of its organisational system.

There is an abundance of literature on organic food consumers (e.g. Aschemann-Witzel and Zielke, 2017; Petrescu et al., 2017; Anisimova, 2016; Bryła, 2016a; Lee, 2016; Lee and Hwang, 2016; Hemmerling et al., 2016; Henryks et al., 2014; Hsu and Chen, 2014; KesseGuyot et al., 2013) and on online grocery shopping (e.g. Huyghe et al., 2017; Mortimer et al., 2016; Grzybowska-Brzezińska and Rudzewicz, 2016; Grzywińska-Rąpca and GrzybowskaBrzezińska, 2016; Cyrek, 2013). However, there is a shortage of studies combining these two approaches. That is why this study examines the characteristics, attitudes and opinions of organic food online shoppers (e-consumers). This relatively small segment of the population is compared with a representative sample of 1000 Polish consumers. Organic e-consumers constitute 6.3% of the total sample. This paper aims to answer the following research questions: 1) Are organic online shoppers similar to the total sample regarding selected demographic and psychographic criteria?; 2) What is the importance of selected characteristics of food products in the group of organic online shoppers compared to other consumers?; 3) What is the role of quality signs in conventional and organic food purchases among organic online shoppers compared to other consumers?; 4) What are organic food authenticity assessment criteria among organic online shoppers compared to the total sample?; 5) What are the barriers to the development of the organic food market according to organic online shoppers compared to the total sample?; 6) What are organic food selection motives in he group of organic online shoppers compared to the total sample?; 7) Which variables determine organic food online shopping?.

The concept of sustainable development is increasingly becoming part of various areas of life and development decisions made by man. This trend is also affecting the area of tourism due to its environmental, economic, social, and cultural impact. The success of the introduction of sustainable development rests in part on support from and participation of the parties involved in the business of tourism. While not all stakeholders need be equally involved in the decision process associated with sustainable development, all their interests need to be identified and understood (Donaldson & Preston, 1995). If the interests of a key group of stakeholders are not identified, then the entire process may fail (Clarkson, 1995). Of the different stakeholder groups including domestic and foreign tourists, local residents, business owners, and officials of local governments, it is the latter two groups that tend to focus more on engagement in the process of sustainable development (D’Mello et al., 2016). This is because tourism yields a number of benefits for local communities experiencing the influx of visitors and affects their quality of life. Historical functions of local communities become transformed and the analysis of the interaction between tourism and community life becomes increasingly important (Liu et al., 2017). This forces local governments to pay more attention to support for the emergence of a tourism industry that respects the “quality of life needs” of local communities (Liu et al., 2017). At the local government level, there is a growing consensus that tourism development ought to be driven by local communities and not globally established tourism organizations (Goodwin, 2016). This new approach yields important implications for the sustainable development of the tourism sector given that it affects the relationship between political entities and the ability of the government to impact the economy. It also affects the choice of political instruments and indicators as well as sparks political debate in some cases (Hall, 2011). The manner in which institutional management systems are established determines the manner in which stakeholders operate in the arena of tourism policy as well as the instruments and indicators used to achieve political aims across all fields of policy including tourism development (Sofield, Guia, & Specht, 2017). At the local level, representatives of the local community or local government officials usually are assigned specific areas of authority and tasks to be completed including those related to the tourism sector. In order to make their work more effective, local governments collaborate at the national and international level with other political and non-political entities. One particularly important form of collaboration consists of joint efforts between local residents, tourists, and the public sector (Liao & Chern, 2015). However, other entities need participate in this process as well in order to facilitate the development of the tourism sector using the rules and guidelines associated with the concept of sustainable development. All interested parties need to discuss relevant issues together (Hardy & Pearson, 2017). This is due to the fact that all interested parties vary in terms of their interests and goals, and do not represent a united front (Lyon, Hunter-Jones, & Warnaby, 2017). In the conversation on tourism, the diversity of stakeholders defending their own views and in many cases opposing aims calls for the use of an innovative approach to the management of the decision-making process as well as the use of appropriate tools (Domínguez-Gómez & González-Gómez, 2017). In addition to the analysis of the differing viewpoints of the various stakeholders involved in the decision-making process, it is vital to consider the fact that uncontrolled tourism development may negatively affect local communities and also the natural environment. While it is difficult to completely eliminate negative outcomes, key players in the tourism market and local residents need to work on ways to reduce the effects of dysfunctions associated with tourism development (Al. Haija, 2011).

Conventional wisdom holds that the privatization of industry is necessary for a successful transition from central planning to the free market in Central and Eastern Europe Arendarski et al., 1994; Buck- Ž ley and Ghauri, 1994; Estrin, 1994a; Ewing et al., 1993; Hare, 1994; Krawczyk and Lopez-Lopez, 1993 . Under the former socialist system, excess . demand was endemic and state-planned industrial policies centred on the achievement of production targets by protected state-owned enterprises SOEs. Conversely, it is expected that liberalization and privatization will engender radical shifts in company orientations, practices and performances and, through these, major long-term improvements in national income and economic well-being Hare, 1993; Healey, Ž 1994; Naor, 1994; Tovias, 1994; Estrin, 1994a; Lieberman, 1993 . Indeed, the destinies of many . countries in Central and Eastern Europe are currently dependent on the realization of these expected outcomes. The reforms have already facilitated free trade with attractive Western countries and incentivised Western foreign direct investment to enhance transfers of capital, technology, managerial expertise and labour skills Frydman et al., 1993; Glowacki, Ž 1991; Lyles and Baird, 1994; Neimans, 1993; Wright et al., 1993.

Information technologies are increasingly being used in business. They have impact on relationships between consumers and enterprises and influence changes in the ways of doing business and in market structure. Information technologies enable many companies to achieve competitive advantage over their competitors by cutting costs, and entering new markets.

tering new markets. These changes also apply to agribusiness, which in many countries is an important sector of the economy. Agribusiness is also an important sector of Polish economy, a country that after the period of economic transition, in 2004 became a member of European Union.

An important part of information technologies used in enterprises is represented by electronic commerce. The aim of the paper is to assess the level of electronic commerce use in Polish agribusiness and possible directions of its future development. The analysis is based on qualitative content analysis of agribusiness websites and quantitative data of statistical institutions like Eurostat and Polish Main Statistical Office (GUS). Some examples of electronic commerce usage in the world and in Poland come from existing literature on the subject.

هدف این مقاله، تعیین تاثیر مدیریت منابع انسانی بر نواوری های بیمارستان های دولتی است. مطالعه بر مبنای نتایج پژوهش تجربی انجام شده در 8 بیمارستان دولتی فعال در دو استان کشور لهستان در سال2014 می باشد. نتایج نشان می دهندکه درنظرات پاسخ دهندگان، رابطه ای بین اقدامات مدیریت منابع انسانی و نواوری های بیمارستان های دولتی وجود دارد.این اقدامات عبارتند از:گزینش پرسنل خلاق و اماده برای تغییر(SO)، تشویق و ترغیب کارکنان برای توسعه و به اشتراک گذاری اطلاعات(ED)، حضور یک سیستم تشویقی که بر دستاوردها و پیشرفت کارکنان نواور پاداش می دهد(SR).

مقدمه:
حرفه و نظریه ی مدیریت نشان می دهد که نواوری ویژگی ضروری و لازم برای توسعه و پیشرفت سازمان های مدرن است. باید تاکید کرد که نواوری یک عامل موفقیت کلیدی چه در بخش خصوصی و چه در بخش دولتی است.بیمارستان های دولتی، دقیقا همانند کارافرینان، باید به طور مداوم به دنبال روش های نواور برای تضمین بقای خود باشند. نواوری بیمارستان ها به ویژه در زمینه ی منابع انسانی بسیار پیچیده است. تنوع حرفه ای متخصصان شاغل در بیمارستان ها که مهارت ها و تخصص مختلفی را منعکس می کنند، موجب می شود تابیمارستان ها برای گزینش و حفظ این منابع، البته با در نظر گرفتن نواوری، به رویکرد مناسبی نیازمند باشند.به این دلیل است که چرا بر این موضوع تاکید شده است که عامل حیاتی توسعه و پیشرفت نواوری، مدیریت منابع انسانی است، که به وسیله ی اقدامات مناسب می توان ان را تعریف کرده و مهارت های مناسب، توانایی ها و نگرش کارکنان را تغییر داد.

مقاله سال 2017

7th International Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management

پیشرفت در تعدادی از فعالیت های کسب و کاری منعکس شده در نتایج پروژه باعث افزایش علاقه همه به مسائل مرتبط با مدیریت پروژه شده است. مدیریت یک پروژه تیمی به صورت قابل توجهی نسبت به مدیریت یک گروه از کارمندان متفاوت است. این تفاوت عمدتا به دلیل ماهیت پروژه و طیف وسیع وظایف مدیر پروژه است. پروژه ها به شدت بر مبنای نتایج ، هزینه و محدودیت های زمانی قضاوت و بوسیله محیط پیاده سازی شان محدود می شوند. در نتیجه ، مجموعه ای از فعالیت های مدیر پروژه عبارت است از انگیزه دادن، زمان ، هزینه ، محدوده پیاده سازی پروژه ، مدیریت کیفیت و وظایف مختلف اداری. گادیس شایستگی های مدیر پروژه به صورت زیر تعریف کرده است: توانایی اتخاذ رویکرد های متفاوت نسبت به توابع مدیریتی کلاسیک ، توانایی به اتمام رساندن وظایف شغلی در یک زمان خاص و با یک اطلاعات خاص در مراحل اولیه پروژه و توانایی ریسک پذیری که باید بر مبنای آن اختیارات را به زیر دستان تفویض کرد همچنین مهارت برنامه ریزی ،جلوگیری از بحران ، فروش و بازخرید پروژه ، قدرت عمل کردن به عنوان یک جلودار و همچنین داشتن مهارت های ارتباطی و توانایی تولید محرک های ضروری و نیروی محرکه برای سوق دادن پروژه به سمت موفقیت.

مقاله سال 2016

 مجله تحقیقات بازاریابی – Journal of Business Research

Internet banking is the equivalent of accessing a bank’s services via the Internet. Internet banking does not exist single-handedly but as a part of electronic banking (Gospodarowicz, 2005, p. 28). Researchers use the terms Internet banking and online banking interchangeably. Internet banking is “a new type of information system that uses emerging techniques such as the Internet and the World Wide Web, and has changed how customers perform various financial activities in virtual space” (Shih & Fang, 2006, p. 62). Internet banking is a manifestation of both product and process-related innovation (DeYoung, Lang, & Nolle, 2007). In Poland, the proportion of citizens using Internet banking is 33% in 2014. In the same year, in 28 European Union Member States, the percentage of people using Internet banking is 44% (Eurostat, 2015). In June 2015, over 27 million users in Poland have an agreement on the use of Internet banking, whereas the number of active individual customers who use Internet banking amounts to over 13.5 million (Związek Banków Polskich, 2015).

The review of world literature contains a discussion on several variables that affect the use of online banking. Extensive and comprehensive research on the use of online banking does not exist in Poland. Previous research on the determinants of the use of online banking does not provide clear answers either. In addition, different researchers focus on studying different variables. As shown above, the use of online banking in Poland ranks low among European Union countries. In Poland, an attractive group of people who do not use bank services may still become potential bank customers.

The aim of this article is to verify and quantify the variables that determine the use of online banking by Poles. These studies provide valuable information to people in banks responsible for marketing and show which groups to direct an online banking offer to. The article examines the users of banking products who are most likely to use online banking and verifies if confidence in commercial banks affects the tendency to use online banking.